Aging is associated with decreased functional connectivity in the main brain networks, which can underlie changes in cognitive and emotional processing. Neurofeedback is a promising non-pharmacological approach for the enhancement of brain connectivity. Previously, we showed that a single session of infra-low frequency neurofeedback results in increased connectivity between sensory processing networks in healthy young adults. In the current pilot study, we aimed to evaluate the possibility of enhancing brain connectivity during aging with the use of infra-low frequency neurofeedback. Nine (...) females aged 52 ± 7 years with subclinical signs of emotional dysregulation, including anxiety, mild depression, and somatoform symptoms, underwent 15 sessions of training. A resting-state functional MRI scan was acquired before and after the training. A hypothesis-free intrinsic connectivity analysis showed increased connectivity in regions in the bilateral temporal fusiform cortex, right supplementary motor area, left amygdala, left temporal pole, and cerebellum. Next, a seed-to-voxel analysis for the revealed regions was performed using the post- vs. pre-neurofeedback contrast. Finally, to explore the whole network of neurofeedback-related connectivity changes, the regions revealed by the intrinsic connectivity and seed-to-voxel analyses were entered into a network-based statistical analysis. An extended network was revealed, including the temporal and occipital fusiform cortex, multiple areas from the visual cortex, the right posterior superior temporal sulcus, the amygdala, the temporal poles, the superior parietal lobule, and the supplementary motor cortex. Clinically, decreases in alexithymia, depression, and anxiety levels were observed. Thus, infra-low frequency neurofeedback appears to be a promising method for enhancing brain connectivity during aging, and subsequent sham-controlled studies utilizing larger samples are feasible. (shrink)

The article is devoted to context specific of folk songs from the collection “Songs of people of Galicia” by polish folklorist Z. Pauli. General and subjective problems and issues of Ukrainian society in 17th and 18th centuries were revealed. Song’s lyrics were analyzed and actual problems of baroque Ukrainian’s life were highlighted. Each of these problems and issues has it’s specific worldview expression. This worldview response to society and subjective problems of Baroque was presented in folk songs. Thus, the problems (...) of Ukrainian community and personal issues was considered in terms of worldview specific. So, in our point of view the main problems of Ukrainian Baroque society were “cossachyna” and conscription. Attitude of ordinary people to cossacks, their life and role in the state’s fate presented in historical songs, epic songs and Cossack songs. Context of these songs from Z. Pauli collection showed us some important worldview responses to the Cossacks. As a response to the historical events of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries formed the cult of the warrior’s force. So the main virtues were agility and courage of the warrior. “Cossack glory” was one of the main values in the mass perception of Ukrainians. And was defeating during the battle was the most threat in terms of the relatives of warrior. In the song’s lyrics of 18th century the theme of soldier’s military duty hade wide spreading. Many families had to say good bye to their close relatives. That’s why the frequently motives of soldier songs are farewell, anguish and sorrow. Social problems such as insecurity, orphanhood and gender imbalance, caused by man’s military service, became a relevant for ordinary citizens. Personal existential problems presented in lyric songs and ballads. Widespread subjective problems such as freedom of someone own choice, choice contrary to the social or family opinion, contradictory feelings, emotions and actions outlined in folk-song’s lyrics. Frequently such song’s lyrics expressed metaphysical meditations about loneliness, person’s place in the world, happiness and desire to be happy, the influence of fate on human life etc. This group of songs present a typical Baroque pessimism. So, us our research showed ancient folk songs are real rich source for understanding worldview of our ancestors. (shrink)

The article deals with the specifics of pagan and Christian beliefs in the worldview of Ukrainians of the 17–18 centuries. The term “interreligious dualism” has been proposed to refer to the phenomenon of synthesis of religious beliefs. The research is based on the analysis of samples of the spiritual culture of early modern Ukraine. The purpose is to outline the specifics of interreligious dualism in the worldview of Ukrainians of the 17th–18th centuries. The research has been conducted with the use (...) of methods of analysis and generalization. The phenomenon of interreligious dualism lies precisely in the parallel and synthetic existence of Christian and archaic points of view. Enlightened progressive clergy attempted to overcome magical mysticism, emphasizing the superstitious nature and the falsehood of man’s magical powers. From the standpoint of Christianity, the magical power of man and his attempts to manifest it condemned as sinful communications with the devil. And from a secular standpoint, magical abilities were perceived as the knowledge and skills of individual members of the community who can influence nature, the elements, the harvest, health, relationships. The average Ukrainians focused on preserving and using traditional pre-Christian beliefs in everyday life. Resistance was not caused by Christian ideas themselves, but by strict church formality and rituality. The phenomenon of interreligious dualism in the 17th and 18th centuries looks like the search for a non-conflictual combination and compromise between the archaic and the Christian views. (shrink)

Today, in Ukraine, the issue of religious education remains not less but rather even more debatable and relevant than in the period of 2005, when the order No. 437 "On the study of optional courses on ethics of religion and religious studies in schools" and further regulatory documents were issued, aimed at creating conditions for the all-Ukrainian introduction of subjects of spiritual and moral orientation in general educational institutions. According to the Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sport of (...) Ukraine, in the 2011/2012 school year, about 40% of schools are covered by the teaching process of the relevant subjects. However, a few important issues remain, the solution of which is urgent in order to further improve the situation in educational and educational progress of state initiatives. (shrink)

У статті представлені головні філософські ідеї французьких, німецьких та польських персоналістів. У своїх працях німецькі та французькі філософи зосереджуються передусім на проблемах гідності особи, її прав та суспільній свободі. Головною тематикою польських персоналістів є спроба дати визначення, ким є особа, її буття, відносини індивідуальної особи з іншою особою та зі спільнотою осіб, а також з навколишнім світом. Відзначається, що головним представником французького персоналізму є Е. Муньє, який вирізняв дві форми персоналізму: теоретичну і прагматичну. Він також подав розрізнення особи та індивідууму, (...) наголошував на жертовному характеру особи та важливій ролі любові у її житті. У статті розглянуто філософські погляди польських персоналістів, таких як К. Войтила, Ч. Бартнік, В. Гранат, котрі піднімають проблеми щодо християнського персоналізму та його ролі, розуміння особи, її гідності, прав, суспільного виміру. (shrink)

The subject of this research is the reflection of Russian realities of the mid XVIII century in cultural sphere. The article touches upon the problem of cross-cultural communication between Russia and France in the XVIII century: the theme of “French presence” in the Russian art and theater culture of the first half and the middle of the XVIII century. The acquired results elucidate the characteristic features of the relations between French and Russian people during this period. The research was conducted (...) with consideration of the unity of internal and external, subjective and objective factors within the framework of the cultural-historical process. The conclusions were made leaning on the analysis of the entire range of sources use and existing research traditions. The article reveals the contribution of the French representatives of art and culture while their stay in Russia, as well as describes the forms and manifestations of their activity that in prospect affected the image of Russia. The author believes that working at the Russian Court, the French representatives imposed the vision of their country on Russia, transforming the Russian images in the French spirit. The presented materials are valuable for the study of cross-cultural communication between Russia and France in the XVIII century. This article is important and relevant in the conditions of constantly developing cultural dialogue and determination of the new vectors of cooperation between the countries. (shrink)

У статті проаналізовано наукові дослідження компетентності професії бухгалтера як фахівця управління бізнес-процесами в переробній галузі АПК. Охарактеризовано етапи розвитку вимог до посад головного бухгалтера та фінансового директора. Визначено переваги бухгалтерської професії, систематизовано основні посадові вимоги до неї. Окремо розглянуто питання етичної поведінки бухгалтера і сформовано авторське бачення принципів такої поведінки. На думку автора, отримані в статті результати є підґрунтям для вирішення науково-теоретичних питань щодо проблем підвищення фахової компетентності бухгалтера.

There has been noted that in the process of the development of economic relationship, improvement and technology integration, innovations and transformations implementation, increase in productivity and activity outcomes the principles of management, development and system functioning are changed, complemented and transformed. There has been found that to meet the goals of industrial enterprises development, encourage co-operation of all units in the system during development, make financial and economic, production and technical managerial decisions on the basis of systemic approach to management, (...) analysis of systems principles, development and management of phenomena and processes it is necessary to take into account the developed basic and additional principles of formation of the strategic management system of the industrial enterprise development. The basic principles are: flexibility, integrity, optimality, efficiency, productivity; the additional ones: rationality, correspondence, dynamism, control. The multitude of the mentioned principles has been formed according to managerial actions that correspond to the stage of the formation of the development goal (correspondence and dynamism principles), stages of development management (flexibility, integrity, optimality, rationality, control principles) and stages of development goals realization (efficiency and productivity), which ensures specification of the role and principles in the process of the industrial enterprise development. The principles are subdivided according to subsystems of inner state (production and realization - flexibility principle, financial state - integrity, resource state - flexibility principle), the subsystem of outer state (correspondence and dynamism principle). There have been determined principles that characterize the functioning of all subsystems within the system of strategic management of development during the formation of managerial decisions (optimality, rationality and control principles) and during the results of the industrial enterprise development (efficiency and productivity principles). (shrink)

У статті сформульовано концепцію формування системи стратегічного управління розвитком підприємства, яка є комплексним поєднанням внутрішніх ключових аспектів забезпечення стійкого функціонування й факторів зовнішнього впливу, що дозволяє досягти чіткої взаємодії, координації, узгодженості управлінських рішень при їх упровадженні у фінансово-господарську діяльність за умов пріоритету цілей розвитку. Емпірична, теоретична й методологічна основи концепції генерують практичну значущість отриманих результатів дослідження.

У статті обґрунтовано науково-методичний підхід до формування системи управління інноваційною активністю підприємства в умовах розвитку, який упорядковує застосування стратегій управління інноваційною активністю відповідно до видів інновацій, внутрішніх і зовнішніх умов їх реалізації, дозволяє зіставити різні групи і види стратегій, що забезпечує комплексне прийняття управлінських рішень і дозволяє підвищити ефективність стратегічного управління розвитком підприємства. У роботі отримав розвиток понятійний апарат теорії інновацій у частині проробки понять "інноваційна активність" і "управління інноваційною активністю" суб'єкта господарювання. Запропоновано комплексний підхід до визначення інноваційної активності, яка (...) трактується автором як процес, що забезпечує досягнення цілей інноваційного розвитку на основі формування інноваційного потенціалу, активізації, стимулювання та інтенсифікації інноваційної діяльності в умовах стратегічного управління розвитком промислового підприємства. Даний підхід враховує як потребу у розвитку, так і основні базиси досліджуваного процесу, що є відмінністю від існуючих формулювань поняття, в яких вказані аспекти подаються розрізнено. Визначено мету інноваційної активності, що полягає в пошуку механізмів, які забезпечують здійснення інноваційного процесу на промисловому підприємстві для своєчасного реагування на ринкові виклики в умовах розвитку. Сформульовано основні характеристики інноваційної активності в системі різноманітних видів активності, виділено організаційно-економічні стимули до реалізації інноваційної активності: результативне управління ресурсами, особливо інтелектуальними, інвестиційними та фінансововими; інтенсифікація змін зовнішнього середовища; державна політика, пов'язана з розвитком бізнесу, регулюванням конкурентного ділового середовища, створенням інноваційної інфраструктури. Під управлінням інноваційною активністю пропонується розуміти систему стратегічних управлінських рішень, спрямованих на забезпечення інтенсивного та ефективного здійснення інновацій у процесі розвитку промислового підприємства. (shrink)

The purpose of the study is to reveal the main determinants for improving quantitative criteria in the future of improving the strategic management of a regional territory, based on the developed mechanism of a structured approach in a strategic plan for each participant in the construction of territorial indicators. The work highlights the problems of strategic management in a regional context, special attention is paid to research in the field of evaluation criteria in strategic planning. In particular, the problems of (...) determining the effectiveness of making and implementing management decisions are considered. Particular attention is paid to the preparation and development of the process of strategic forecasting, namely the use of the quantitative forecasting method in assessing strategic management. Obviously, when developing a strategic direction, the adapted elements require adjustments and additions, which is being carried out at the present time. Such changes and additions are promoted not only through legislative and regulatory activities, but also by scientific research, which, in turn, develop new directions of strategies for the development of the country's territories. Scientific novelty lies in the disclosure of the main determinants for improving quantitative criteria in assessing the strategic management of a regional territory, based on the developed mechanism of a structured approach for all participants in territorial indicators. As a result of the study, a new approach to solving the problem of quantitative assessment of strategic management for economic entities and sectors of the economy of the territories was developed. (shrink)

We study experimentally a coordination game with N heterogeneous individuals under different information treatments. We explore the effects of information on the emergence of Pareto-efficient outcomes, by means of a gradual decrease of the information content provided to the players in successive experiments. We observe that successful coordination is possible with private information alone, although not on a Pareto-optimal equilibrium. Reinforcement-based learning models reproduce the qualitative trends of the experimental results.

The article explores the concept of humanism both in modern discourse and in historical retrospective. Human has always been at the center of philosophy, regardless of what spheres of being were studied. Anthropology, cultural studies, psychology, philosophy, and many other sciences explore various manifestations of a person, all of which are ultimately designed to answer perhaps one of the most critical questions – what makes us human? However, this discourse significantly changed over the course of two thousand years. For example, (...) Martin Heidegger points out an important nuance of the emergence of the concept of humanism, namely, as a kind of chauvinism – the division into humans (Romans) and non-humans (barbarians). This point of view is often overlooked, but it is critical to understanding the essence of this phenomenon. In the subsequent era of the Middle Ages, human was understood as the opposite of the divine, but in such realities, there were humanistic ideals and values. Already in the Renaissance, a return to the traditions of antiquity was announced, but the understanding of a person acquired a romantic character. Humanism clearly saw something more in a person than a person himself could demonstrate. It is for this metaphysical image that many critics of humanism have criticized this phenomenon. However, where there is criticism, there is progress, which is why this concept has gained a new round of discourse, which is why new trends have appeared that have brought the concept of humanism to a new theoretical level. As a historical phenomenon, humanism is faced with certain difficulties of new eras; because of these collisions, humanism is modified and adapted. Among humanism’s problems are multiculturalism, technological breakthroughs, and the need to search for new theories. In its development, the course of humanism takes on various forms and iterations. It is worth mentioning transhumanism (the idea of becoming someone more than just a human), posthumanism (philosophical views on human nature as a posthuman), and global humanism. (shrink)

This paper introduces and studies a declarative framework for updating views over indefinite databases. An indefinite database is a database with null values that are represented, following the standard database approach, by a single null constant. Typically a database is represented by a single set of facts |$D$| that model what is known to be true. This paper proposes a model of an indefinite extensional database that is more expressive with respect to the closed-world assumption (CWA) adapted for the setting (...) of indefinite databases (Libkin, 1995, A semantics-based approach to design of query languages for partial information. In Semantics in Databases, vol. 1358 of LNCS, pp. 170–208. Springer; der Meyden, 1998, Logical approaches to incomplete information: a survey. In Logics for Databases and Information Systems, pp. 307–356. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, USA). More specifically, in our model, databases are determined by two sets of facts: |$D$| representing, as usual, all facts that are true in the database, and |$E$| that is meant to represent exceptions to the ‘unknown range’, i.e. facts that cannot be unknown. Intuitively, unless they are explicitly implied to be true by the first set, the facts specified as exceptions are assumed false. The semantics is given by means of a two-level CWA tailored to the case of indefinite information. The paper characterizes the semantics of indefinite databases in terms of their possible worlds that are obtained by instantiating occurrences of null values by concrete constants and defines several classes of database repairs that realize view-update requests. Most notable is the class of constrained repairs. Constrained repairs change the database ‘minimally’and avoid making arbitrary commitments. They narrow down the space of alternative ways to fulfill the view-update request to those that are grounded, in a certain strong sense, in the database, the view and the view-update request. (shrink)

Business and Society Review, Volume 126, Issue 1, Page 25-35, Spring 2021.

Ocherk 1. Voprosy ontologii -- Ocherk 2. Voprosy ėtiki i ėstetiki -- Ocherk 3. Voprosy gnoseologii i aksiologii.

The purpose of the article is to analyse Friedrich Nietzsche’s ideas about the radical social division of society and the domination of the elite over the masses in the context of the latest socio-economic, technological and political realities of the post-industrial society. The authors emphasize the existing social demand for the study of threats that arise from social divisions due to the influence of the information society. In these processes, the authors trace a peculiar kind of recent interpretation of Nietzsche’s (...) ideas about the “Übermensch,” owing to a radical change in the information space under the influence of the technological revolution. It is stated that the modern information society forms a new radical social division into the upper class of intellectuals and the general mass of consumers, provokes the emergence of a “divided civilization,” where under the slogans of supporting the idea of meritocracy, a society with new social divisions is formed. Ignoring the humanistic meaning of rights and freedoms, perceiving them exclusively as a technological tool for the introduction of irresponsibility make it possible to justify the rule of Nietzsche’s “Übermensch.” The “Übermensch” is now the bearer of knowledge, which is necessary for modern civilization. Nietzsche’s calls for the destruction of cultural tradition are used as a justification for the rejection of personal freedom, human rights, as well as the rejection of state institutions capable of protecting them. The authors conclude that the information society, which is based on technological innovations, faces a range of socially dangerous consequences, as well as the deformation of the system of established values. Thanks to the manipulative tools generated by technological progress, new formats of inequality are emerging and taking root. The appearance of powerful information resources strengthens the ability to control the behaviour of the individual, expands the power of a small group of people who control the information space. This is what actualizes Nietzsche’s statements about the radical division of society and the domination of the elite over the masses in the new socio-economic and technological realities. (shrink)

Because the techno-economic paradigm of contemporary conceptualizations of innovation is often taken for granted in the literature, this chapter opens up this self-evident notion. First, the chapter consults the work of Joseph Schumpeter, who can be seen as the founding father of the current conceptualization of innovation as technological and commercial. Second, we open up the concept by reflecting on two aspects of Schumpeter’s conceptualization of innovation, namely its destructive and its constructive aspect, based on findings in the history of (...) innovation. Finally, we synthesize our findings and propose an ontic-ontological conceptualization of innovation as ontogenetic process and outcome with six dimensions—newness, political dimension, economic dimension, temporal dimension, human dimension and risk—that moves beyond its technological and commercial orientation. (shrink)

Research on brain or cognitive/affective processes, culture, social interaction, and structural analysis are overlapping but often independent ways humans have attempted to understand the origins of their evolution, historical, and contemporary development. Each level seeks to employ its own theoretical concepts and methods for depicting human nature and categorizing objects and events in the world, and often relies on different sources of evidence to support theoretical claims. Each level makes reference to different temporal bandwidths (milliseconds, seconds, minutes, hours, days, months, (...) years, decades, and centuries) and focuses on different spatio-temporal activities and controlled and non-controlled stimulus conditions. Biological mechanisms and environmental pressures for survival simultaneously created a gradual intersection and enhancement of cognitive/affective skills, cultural practices, and changes in collaborative social interaction and communicative skills. The evolution of a given level of analysis is assumed to have been incremental and overlapping. These innovative and independent ways humans have learned to characterize their brain or cognitive/affective and social/economic/political life often depend on unexamined, representational re-descriptions or cognitive/affective and socio-cultural devices and forms of communication that facilitate the depiction of practices and beliefs we attribute to respondents or subjects and research colleagues. (shrink)

Russkai︠a︡ t︠erkovʹ i drugie statʹi -- V temnykh religioznykh luchakh.

Selected Logic Papers, long out of print and now reissued with eight additional essays, includes much of the author's important work on mathematical logic and ...

В книге очерки Владимира Брагинского в жанре ироничного эссе о любви.